Terms and Conditions

ARTICLE 1 — DEFINITIONS 



1.1 “AGENT”. Except when the context otherwise requires, any person who has authority, express or implied, to act for or on behalf of carrier 
	in relation to the carriage of cargo.
1.2 “AIR WAYBILL”. The document entitled “Air Waybill” made out by or on behalf of the shipper, which evidences the contract between the 
	shipper and carrier for carriage of cargo over routes of carrier.
1.3 “APPLICABLE CONVENTION”. Unless the context requires otherwise, whichever of the following instruments is applicable to the contract of carriage:

	1.3.1 the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, signed at 
	Warsaw, 12 October 1929; (hereinafter referred to as the Warsaw Convention); 
	1.3.2 the Warsaw Convention as amended at The Hague on 28 September 1955; 
	1.3.3 the Warsaw Convention as amended by Additional Protocol No. 1 of Montreal 1975; 
	1.3.4 the Warsaw Convention as amended at The Hague 1955 and by Additional Protocol No. 2 of Montreal 1975; 
	1.3.5 the Warsaw Convention as amended at The Hague 1955 and by Protocol No. 4 of Montreal 1975. 

1.4 “CARGO” (which is equivalent to the term “Goods”). Anything carried or to be carried in an aircraft 
	except mail, or baggage carried under a passenger ticket and baggage check, but includes baggage moving 
	under an air waybill or shipment record. 
1.5 “CARRIAGE” (which is equivalent to the term “Transportation”). Carriage of cargo by air or by another 
	means of transport, whether gratuitously or for reward. 
1.6 “CARRIER”. Includes the air carrier issuing the air waybill or preserving the shipment record and all 
	carriers that carry or undertake to carry the cargo or to perform any other services related to such carriage. 
1.7 “CHARGES COLLECT”. The charges entered on the air waybill or shipment record for collection from 
	the consignee against delivery of the shipment. 
1.8 “CONSIGNEE”. The person whose name appears on the air waybill or shipment record, as the party to 
	whom the shipment is to be delivered by carrier. 
1.9 “DAYS”. Full calendar days, including Sundays and legal holidays; provided that for purposes of 
	notification the balance of the day upon which notice is despatched shall not be counted. 
1.10 “DELIVERY SERVICE”. The surface carriage of inbound shipments from the airport of destination to 
	the address of the consignee or that of his designated agent or to the custody of the appropriate 
	government agency when required. 
1.11 “PICK-UP SERVICE”. The surface carriage of outbound shipments from the point of pick-up at the 
	address of the shipper or that of his designated agent to the airport of departure, including any incidental 
	surface carriage between airports. 
1.12 “SHIPMENT” (which is equivalent to the term “Consignment”). Except as otherwise provided herein, 
	one or more packages, pieces or bundles of cargo accepted by carrier from one shipper at one time and at 
	one address, receipted for in one lot and under a single air waybill or a single shipment record, for 
	carriage to one consignee at one destination address. 
1.13 “SHIPMENT RECORD”. Any record of the contract if carriage preserved by carrier, evidenced by means 
	other than an air waybill. 
1.14 “SHIPPER” 
	(which is equivalent to the term “Consignor”). The person whose name appears on the air 
	waybill or shipment record, as the party contracting with carrier for the carriage of cargo. 
1.15 “SPECIAL DRAWING RIGHT”. A Special Drawing Right as defined by the International Monetary Fund. 

ARTICLE 2 — APPLICABILITY 

2.1 General 
	These conditions shall apply to all carriage of cargo, including all services incidental thereto, performed 
	by or on behalf of carrier; provided however that if such carriage is “International Carriage” 
	as defined in the applicable convention (see 1.3) such carriage shall be subject to the provisions of the applicable 
	Convention and to these conditions to the extent that these conditions are not inconsistent with the provisions 
	of such Convention. 

2.2 Applicable laws and carrier’s tariffs 
	To the extent not in conflict with 2.1 all carriage and other services performed by carrier are subject to: 

	2.2.1 applicable laws (including national laws implementing a Convention or extending the rules of the 
	applicable Convention to carriage which is not “International Carriage” as defined in the applicable 
	Convention) government regulations, orders and requirements; 
	2.2.2 these conditions and other applicable tariffs, rules, regulations and time tables (but not the times of 
	departure and arrival therein specified) of carrier which may be inspected at any of its offices and at 
	airports from which it operates regular services. 

2.3 Application to United States and Canada 
	These conditions do not apply to carriage between places in the United States or in Canada or between a 
	place in the United States or in Canada and any place outside thereof to which tariffs in force in those 
	countries apply. The tariffs applicable to such carriage are available for inspection at the offices of carrier. 

2.4 
Gratuitous carriage 
With respect to gratuitous carriage, carrier reserves the right to exclude the applicable of all or any part of 
these conditions. 

2.5 
Charters 
With respect to carriage of cargo performed pursuant to a charter agreement with carrier, such carriage 
shall be subject to carrier’s charter tariffs applicable thereto (if any) and these conditions shall not apply 
except to the extent provided in said charter tariff. Where carrier has no charter tariff applicable to such 
charter agreement, these conditions shall apply to such agreement except that carrier reserves the right to 
exclude the application of all or any part of these conditions and, in case of divergence between the 
applicable provisions of these conditions and the conditions contained or referred to in the charter 
agreement, the latter shall prevail and the shipper, by accepting carriage pursuant to a charter agreement, 
whether or not concluded with the shipper, agrees to be bound by the applicable terms thereof. 

2.6 
Change without notice 
These conditions and the published rates and charges are subject to change without notice except to the 
extent otherwise provided by applicable law or government regulations or order; provided however that 


no such change shall apply to a contract of carriage after the date of issuance of the air waybill by carrier 
or after the date the rate or charge for the carriage has been entered in the shipment record. 

2.7 
Effective rules 
All carriage of cargo governed by these conditions shall be subject to carrier’s rules, regulations and 
tariffs in effect on the date of the issuance of the air waybill by carrier or on the date of the shipment 
record, whichever is applicable, provided that in the event of inconsistency between these conditions and 
carrier’s rules, regulations and tariffs, these conditions shall prevail. 

ARTICLE 3 — 
ACCEPTABILITY OF GOODS FOR CARRIAGE 

3.1 
Cargo acceptable 
3.1.1 
Carrier undertakes to transport, subject to the availability of suitable equipment and space, all shipments, 
unless otherwise excluded by carrier’s regulations and provided: 
3.1.1.1 
the transportation, or the exportation or importation thereof is not prohibited by the laws or regulations of 
any country to be flown from, to or over; 
3.1.1.2 
they are packed in a manner suitable for carriage by aircraft; 
3.1.1.3 
they are accompanied by the requisite shipping documents; 
3.1.1.4 
they are not likely to endanger aircraft, persons or property, or cause annoyance to passengers. 
3.1.2 
Carrier reserves the right without assuming any liability to refuse carriage of cargo when circumstances so 
require. 
3.2 
Valuation limit of shipment 
Carrier may refuse carriage of shipments having a declared value for carriage in excess of the amount 
specified in carrier’s regulations. 

3.3 
Packing and marking of cargo 
3.3.1 
Shipper is responsible for ensuring that the cargo is packed in an appropriate way for carriage so as to 
ensure that it can be carried safely with ordinary care in handling and so as not to injure or damage any 
persons, goods or property. Each package shall be legibly and durably marked with the name and full 
address of the shipper and consignee. 
3.3.2 
Packages containing valuables as defined in carrier’s regulations must be sealed if so requested by carrier. 
3.4 
Cargo acceptable only under prescribed conditions 
Dangerous goods, live animals, perishables, fragile goods, human remains, and other special cargo are 
acceptable only under the conditions set forth in carrier’s regulations applicable to the carriage of such 
cargo. 

3.5 
Responsibility for non-observance of conditions relating to special cargo 
Responsibility for non-observance of the conditions relating to the carriage of cargo rests upon the shipper 
who shall indemnify carrier for any loss, damage, delay, liability or penalties carrier may incur because of 
carriage of any such cargo. 

3.6 
Carrier’s right of inspection 
Carrier reserves the right to examine the packaging and contents of all shipments and to enquire into the 
correctness or sufficiency of information or documents tendered in respect of any shipment but carrier 
shall be under no obligation to do so. 


3.7 
Unit Load Devices 
When shipper undertakes to load a unit load device (ULD) he must comply with carrier’s loading 
instructions and shall be liable for and indemnify carrier against all consequences of any non-compliance 
with such instructions. 

ARTICLE 4 — 
DOCUMENTATION 

4.1 
Air waybill 
The shipper shall make out or have made out on his behalf, an air waybill in the form, manner and 
number of copies prescribed by carrier, and shall deliver such air waybill to carrier simultaneously with 
the acceptance of the cargo by carrier for carriage. However, charges for carriage and other charges, 
insofar as they have been ascertained, shall be inserted in the air waybill by carrier. Carrier may require 
the shipper to make out, or have made out on his behalf, separate air waybills when there is more than one 
package. 

4.2 
Shipment record 
Carrier, with the express or implied consent of the shipper, may substitute for the delivery of an air 
waybill a shipment record to preserve a record of the carriage to be performed. If such shipment record is 
used, carrier shall, if so requested by the shipper, deliver to the shipper in accordance with carrier’s 
regulations a goods receipt permitting identification of the shipment and access, in accordance with 
carrier’s regulations, to the information contained in the shipment record. 

4.3 
Apparent condition/packing of the cargo 
If the apparent order and condition of the cargo and/or packing is in any way defective the shipper shall, if 
an air waybill is delivered, include on the air waybill a statement of such apparent order and condition. If 
no air waybill is delivered the shipper shall advise carrier of the apparent order and condition of the cargo, 
to enable carrier to insert an appropriate reference thereto in the shipment record. However, if the shipper 
fails to include such statement in the air waybill or to advise carrier of the apparent order and condition of 
the cargo, or if such statement or advice is incorrect, carrier may include in the air waybill or insert in the 
shipment record a statement of the apparent order and condition of the cargo, or note a correction thereto. 

4.4 
Preparation, completion or correction by carrier 
Carrier may at the request of the shipper expressed or implied, make out the air waybill in which event, 
subject to proof to the contrary, carrier shall be deemed to have done so on behalf of the shipper. If the air 
waybill handed over with the cargo or if the particulars and statements relating to the cargo furnished by 
or on behalf of the shipper to carrier for insertion in the shipment record do not contain all the required 
particulars, or if the air waybill or such particulars or statements contain any error, carrier is authorised to 
complete or correct the air waybill or particulars or statements to the best of carrier’s ability without being 
under any obligation to do so. 

4.5 
Responsibility for particulars 
The shipper is responsible for the correctness of the particulars and statements relating to the cargo 
inserted by him or on his behalf in the air waybill or furnished by him or on his behalf to carrier for 
insertion in the shipment record. Where such information is provided by means of Electronic Data 
Interchange, it is the responsibility of the shipper or the shipper’s agent to verify contents, accuracy and 
completeness of the EDI messages and subsequent messages according to the agreed standards and 
specifications. The shipper shall indemnify carrier against all damage suffered by him, or by any other 
person to whom carrier is liable, by reason of the irregularity, incorrectness or incompleteness of the 
particulars and statements furnished by the shipper or on his behalf. 

4.6 
Alterations 
Air waybills, the writing on which has been altered or erased, need not be accepted by carrier. 


ARTICLE 5 — 
RATES AND CHARGES 


5.1 
Applicable rates and charges 
Rates and charges for carriage governed by these conditions are those duly published by carrier and in 
effect on the date of the issuance of the air waybill by carrier, or on the date the rate or charge for the 
carriage has been entered in the shipment record. 

5.2 
Basis of rates and charges 
Rates and charges will be based on the units of measurement and subject to the rules and conditions 
published in carrier’s regulations and rate tariffs. 

5.3 
Services not included in published rates and charges 
Except as otherwise provided in carriers’ 
regulations, rates and charges apply only from airport to airport 
and do not include any ancillary service given by carrier in connection with the air carriage. 

5.4 
Payment of charges 
5.4.1 
Rates and charges are published in the currency shown in the applicable rate tariffs, and may be paid in 
any currency acceptable to carrier. When payment is made in a currency other than in the currency in 
which the rate or charge is published, such payment will be made at the rate of exchange established for 
such purpose by carrier, the current statement of which is available for inspection at carrier’s office where 
payment is made. 
5.4.2 
Full applicable charges, whether prepaid or collect, fees, duties, taxes, charges, advances and payments, 
made or incurred or to be incurred by carrier and any other sums payable to carrier, will be deemed fully 
earned, whether or not the cargo is lost or damaged, or fails to arrive at the destination specified in the 
contract of carriage. All such charges, sums and advances will be due and payable upon receipt of the 
cargo by carrier, except that they may be collected by carrier at any stage of the service performed under 
the contract of carriage. 
5.4.3 
The shipper guarantees payment of all unpaid charges, unpaid charges collect, advances and 
disbursements of carrier. The shipper also guarantees payment of all costs, expenditures, fines, penalties, 
loss of time, damage and other sums which carrier may incur or suffer by reason of the inclusion in the 
shipment of articles the carriage of which is prohibited by law, or the illegal, incorrect or insufficient 
marking, numbering, addressing or packing of packages or descriptions of the cargo, or the absence, delay 
or incorrectness of any export or import licence or any required certificate or document, or any improper 
customs valuation, or incorrect statement of weight or volume. Carrier shall have a lien on the cargo for 
each of the foregoing and, in the event of non-payment thereof, shall have the right to dispose of the cargo 
at public or private sale (provided that prior to such sale, carrier shall have mailed notice thereof to the 
shipper or to the consignee at the address stated in the air waybill) and to pay itself out of the proceeds of 
such sale any and all such amounts. No such sale shall, however, discharge any liability to pay any 
deficiencies, for which the shipper and the consignee shall remain jointly and severally liable. By taking 
delivery or exercising any other right arising from the contract of carriage, the consignee agrees to pay 
such charges, sums and advances, except prepaid charges. 
5.4.4 
If the gross weight, measurement, quantity or declared value of the cargo exceeds the gross weight, 
measurement, quantity or declared value on which charges for carriage have been previously computed, 
carrier shall be entitled to require payment of the charge on such excess. 
5.4.5 
Charges collect shipments will be accepted only to countries listed in carrier’s regulations and subject to 
the conditions contained therein. In any event carrier reserves the right to refuse shipments on a charges 
collect basis to any country where regulations prevent the conversion of funds into other currencies or the 
transfer of funds to other countries. Information on countries to which charges collect service is available 
may be obtained from offices and representatives of carrier. 
5.4.6 All charges applicable to a shipment are payable at the time of acceptance thereof by the carrier in the 
case of a prepaid shipment, i.e. a shipment on which the charges are to be paid by the shipper, or at the 

time of delivery thereof by the carrier in the case of a collect shipment, i.e. a shipment on which the 
charges are to be paid by the consignee. 

5.4.7 
Carrier may cancel the carriage of the shipment upon refusal by the shipper, after demand by carrier, to 
pay the charges or portion thereof so demanded, without carrier being subject to any liability therefor. 
ARTICLE 6 — 
SHIPMENTS IN COURSE OF CARRIAGE 

6.1 
Compliance with government requirements 
6.1.1 
The shipper shall comply with all applicable laws, customs and other government regulations of any 
country to, from, through or over which the cargo may be carried, including those relating to the packing, 
carriage or delivery of the cargo, and shall, together with the shipment, furnish such information and 
deliver such documents as may be necessary to comply with such laws and regulations. Carrier shall not 
be obliged to inquire into the correctness or sufficiency of such information or documents. Carrier shall 
not be liable to the shipper or any other person for loss or expense due to shipper’s failure to comply with 
this provision. The shipper shall be liable to carrier for any damage occasioned by the failure of the 
shipper to comply with this provision. 
6.1.2 
Carrier shall not be liable for refusing to carry any shipment if carrier reasonably determines in good faith 
that such refusal is required by any applicable law, government regulation, demand, order or requirement. 
6.2 
Disbursements and customs formalities 
Carrier is authorised (but shall be under no obligation) to advance any duties, taxes or charges and to 
make any disbursement with respect to the cargo and the shipper and consignee shall be jointly and 
severally liable for the reimbursement thereof. No carrier shall be under obligation to incur any expense 
or make any advance in connection with the forwarding or reforwarding of the cargo except against 
prepayment by the shipper. If it is necessary to make customs entry of the cargo at any stopping place, 
and no customs clearance agent has been named on the face of the air waybill or in the shipment record, 
the cargo shall be deemed to be consigned to the carrier carrying the cargo to such place. For any such 
purpose a copy of the air waybill, or of the shipment record, certified by the carrier, shall be deemed 
original. 

6.3 
Schedules, routings and cancellations 
6.3.1 
Times shown in carrier’s timetables or elsewhere are approximate and not guaranteed and form no part of 
the contract of carriage. No time is fixed for commencement or completion of carriage or delivery of 
cargo. Unless specifically agreed otherwise and so indicated in the air waybill or shipment record, carrier 
undertakes to carry the cargo with reasonable despatch but assumes no obligation to carry the cargo by 
any specified aircraft or over any particular route or routes, or to make connections at any point according 
to any particular schedule. Carrier is hereby authorised to select or deviate from the route or routes of the 
shipment, notwithstanding that the same may be stated on the face of the air waybill or in the shipment 
record. Carrier is not responsible for errors or omissions either in timetables or other representations of 
schedules. No employee, agent or representative of carrier is authorised to bind carrier by any statements 
or representations of the dates or times of departure or arrival, or of operation of any flight. 
6.3.2 
Carrier is authorised to carry the consignment without notice wholly or partly by any other means of 
surface transportation or to arrange such carriage. 
6.3.3 
Carrier reserves the right without notice, to cancel, terminate, divert, postpone, delay or advance any 
flight, or the further carriage of any cargo, or to proceed with any flight without all or any part of the 
cargo, if it considers that it would be advisable to do so because of any fact beyond its control or not 
reasonably to be foreseen, anticipated, or predicted at the same time the cargo was accepted; or if it 
considers that any other circumstances so require. 
6.3.4 In the event any flight is cancelled, diverted, postponed, delayed or advanced or is terminated at a place 
other than the place of destination or in the event the carriage of any shipment is so cancelled, diverted, 

postponed, delayed, advanced or terminated, carrier shall not be under any liability with respect thereto. 
In the event the carriage of the shipment or any part thereof is so terminated, delivery thereof by carrier to 
any transfer agent for transfer or delivery or the placing of such shipment in storage shall be deemed 
complete delivery under the contract of carriage, and carrier shall be without any further liability with 
respect thereto, except to give notice of the disposition of the shipment to the shipper or to the consignee, 
at the address stated in the air waybill or shipment record. Carrier may, but shall not be obligated to, 
forward the shipment for carriage by any other route or forward the shipment as agent for the shipper or 
the consignee for onward carriage by any transportation service on behalf of the shipper or the consignee. 
The cost of doing so attaches to the cargo. 

6.3.5 
Subject to applicable laws, regulations and orders, carrier is authorised to determine the priority of 
carriage as between shipments, and as between cargo and mail or passengers. Carrier may likewise decide 
to remove any articles from a shipment, at any time or place whatsoever, and to proceed with the flight 
without them. If as a result of determining such priority, cargo is not carried or carriage thereof is 
postponed or delayed or if any articles are removed from a shipment, carrier will not be liable to shipper 
or consignee or to any other party for any consequences therefor. 
6.4 
Certain rights of carrier over shipment in course of carriage 
If in the opinion of carrier it is necessary to hold the shipment at any place for any reasonable purpose, 
either before, during or after carriage, carrier may, upon giving notice thereof to the shipper, store the 
shipment for the account and at the risk and expense of the shipper, in any warehouse or other available 
place, or with the customs authorities; or carrier may deliver the shipment to another transportation 
service for onward carriage to the consignee. The shipper shall indemnify carrier against any expense or 
risk so incurred. 

ARTICLE 7 — 
SHIPPER’S RIGHT OF DISPOSITION 

7.1 
Exercise of right of disposition 
Every exercise of the right of disposition must be made by the shipper or his designated agent, if any, and 
must be applicable to the whole shipment under a single air waybill, or under a single shipment record. 
The right of disposition over the cargo may only be exercised if the shipper or such agent produces the 
part of the air waybill which was delivered to him, or communicates such other form of authority as may 
be prescribed by carrier’s regulations. Instructions as to disposition must be given (in writing) in the form 
prescribed by carrier. In the event that the exercise of the right of disposition results in a change of 
consignee, such new consignee shall be deemed to be the consignee appearing on the air waybill or in the 
shipment record. 

7.2 
Shipper’s option 
7.2.1 
Subject to his liability to carry out all his obligations under the contract of carriage and provided that this 
right of disposition is not exercised in 
such way as to prejudice carrier or other shippers, the shipper may at his own expense dispose of the 
cargo either: 
7.2.1.1 
by withdrawing it at the airport of departure; or of destination; or 
7.2.1.2 
by stopping it in the course of the journey on any landing; or 
7.2.1.3 
by calling for it to be delivered at the place of destination or in the course of the journey to a person other 
than the consignee named in the air waybill or shipment record; or 
7.2.1.4 
by requiring it to be returned to the airport of departure; 
7.2.2 
Provided that if, in the opinion of carrier, it is not reasonably practicable to carry out the order of the 
shipper, carrier shall so inform him promptly and carrier shall thenceforth be under no obligation to carry 
out any such order. 

7.3 
Payment of expenses 
The shipper shall be liable for and shall indemnify carrier for all loss or damage suffered or incurred by 
carrier as a result of the exercise of his right of disposition. The shipper shall reimburse carrier for any 
expenses occasioned by the exercise of his right of disposition. 

7.4 
Extent of shipper’s right 
The shipper’s right of disposition shall cease at the moment when, after arrival of the cargo at the 
destination, the consignee takes possession or requests delivery of the cargo or air waybill, or otherwise 
shows his acceptance of the cargo. Nevertheless, if the consignee declines to accept the air waybill or the 
cargo, or if he cannot be communicated with, such right of disposition shall continue to vest in the 
shipper. 

ARTICLE 8 — 
DELIVERY 

8.1 
Notice of arrival 
Notice of arrival of the shipment will, in the absence of other instructions, 
be sent to the consignee and any other person whom carrier has agreed to notify as evidenced in the air 
waybill or shipment record; such notice will be sent by ordinary methods. Carrier is not liable for nonreceipt 
or delay in receipt of such notice. 

8.2 
Delivery of shipment 
Except as otherwise specifically provided in the air waybill or shipment record, delivery of the shipment 
will be made only to the consignee named therein, or his agent. Delivery to the consignee shall be deemed 
to have been effected: 

8.2.1 
when carrier has delivered to the consignee or his agent any authorisation from carrier required to enable 
the consignee to obtain release of the shipment; and 
8.2.2 
when the shipment has been delivered to customs or other government authorities as required by 
applicable law or customs regulation. 
8.3 
Place of delivery 
Except as provided in 9.3, the consignee must accept delivery of and collect the shipment at the airport of 
destination or the respective facility as designated by the carrier. 

8.4 
Failure of consignee to take delivery 
8.4.1 
Subject to the provisions of 8.5 hereof, if the consignee refuses or fails to take delivery of the shipment 
after its arrival at the airport of destination, carrier will endeavour to comply with any instructions of the 
shipper set forth on the face of the air waybill, or in the shipment record. If such instructions are not so set 
forth or cannot reasonably be complied with, carrier shall notify the shipper of the consignee’s failure to 
take delivery and request his instructions. If no such instructions are received within thirty (30) days, 
carrier may sell the shipment in one or more lots at public or private sale, or destroy or abandon such 
shipment. 
8.4.2 
The shipper is liable for all charges and expenses resulting from or in connection with the failure to take 
delivery of the shipment, including, but not limited to, carriage charges incurred in returning the shipment 
if so required by the shipper’s instructions. If the shipment is returned to the airport of departure and the 
shipper refuses or neglects to make such payments within fifteen (15) days after such return, carrier may 
dispose of the shipment or any part thereof at public or private sale after giving the shipper ten (10) days 
notice of its intention to do so. 
8.5 
Disposal of perishables 
8.5.1 
When a shipment containing perishable articles as defined in carrier’s regulations is delayed in the 
possession of carrier, is unclaimed or refused at place of delivery, or for other reasons is threatened with 
deterioration, carrier may immediately take such steps as it sees fit for the protection of itself and other 

parties in interest, including but not limited to the destruction or abandonment of all or any part of the 
shipment, the sending of communications for instructions at the cost of the shipper, the storage of the 
shipment or any part thereof at the risk and cost of the shipper, or the disposition of the shipment or any 
part thereof at public or private sale without notice. 

8.5.2 
In the event of the sale of the shipment as provided for above, either at the place of destination or at the 
place to which the shipment has been returned, carrier is authorised to pay to itself and other 
transportation services out of the proceeds of such sale all charges, advances, and expenses of carrier and 
other transportation services plus costs of sale, holding any surplus subject to the order of the shipper. A 
sale of any shipment shall, however, not discharge the shipper and/or owner of any liability hereunder to 
pay any deficiencies. 
8.5.3 
By accepting delivery of the air waybill and/or the shipment the consignee shall become liable for 
payment of all costs and charges in connection with the carriage. Unless otherwise agreed the shipper 
shall not be released from his own liability for these costs and charges and will remain jointly and 
severally liable with the consignee. Carrier may make delivery of the shipment or the air waybill 
conditional upon payment of these costs and charges. 
ARTICLE 9 — 
PICK-UP AND DELIVERY SERVICES 

9.1 
Shipments 
Are accepted for carriage from their receipt at carrier’s cargo terminal or airport office at the place of 
departure to the airport at the place of destination. 

9.2 
Availability of service 
Pick-up service and delivery service will be available at the points, to the extent and subject to the rates 
and charges established for such services in accordance with the applicable regulations of carrier. 

9.3 
Request for service 
Pick-up service, if available, will be provided when requested by the shipper. Except when otherwise 
provided by carrier’s tariffs, delivery service may be provided unless contrary instructions are given by 
the shipper or by the consignee. Such contrary instructions must be received by carrier prior to removal of 
the shipment from carrier’s airport terminal at destination. 

9.4 
Shipment for which service is unavailable 
Pick-up service and delivery service will not be provided by carrier without special arrangement for any 
shipment which, in the opinion of carrier, because of its volume, nature, value or weight is impractical for 
carrier to handle in normal course. 

9.5 
Liability 
If pick-up service or delivery service is performed by or on behalf of carrier, such surface transportation 
shall be upon the same terms as to liability as set forth in Article 11 hereof. 

ARTICLE 10 — 
SUCCESSIVE CARRIERS 

10.1 
Carriage to be performed under one contract of carriage by several successive carriers is regarded as a 
single operation. 
ARTICLE 11 — 
CARRIER’S LIABILITY 

11.1 
Carrier is liable to the shipper, consignee or any other person for damage sustained in the event of 
destruction or loss of, or damage to, or delay in the carriage of cargo only if the occurrence which caused 
the damage so sustained took place during the carriage as defined under Article 1. 
11.2 
Except as may be otherwise provided in any applicable Convention, carrier is not liable to the shipper, 
consignee or any other person for any damage, delay or loss of whatsoever nature arising out of or in 

connection with the carriage of cargo or other services performed by carrier, unless such damage, delay or 
loss is proved to have been caused by the negligence or wilful default of carrier and there has been no 
contributory negligence on the part of the shipper, consignee or other claimant. 

11.3 
Carrier is not liable if the destruction, loss of or damage to cargo is proved to have resulted solely from 
the inherent defect, quality, nature or vice of that cargo. 
11.4 
Carrier will not be liable for any loss, damage or expense arising from death due to natural causes or 
death or injury of any animal caused by the conduct or acts of the animal itself or of other animals such as 
biting, kicking, goring or smothering, nor for that caused or contributed to by the condition, nature or 
propensities of the animal, or by defective packing of the animal, or by the inability of the animal to 
withstand unavoidable changes in its physical environment inherent in the carriage by air. 
11.5 
Carrier shall not be liable in any event for any consequential loss or damage arising from carriage subject 
to these conditions, whether or not carrier had knowledge that such loss or damage might be incurred. 
11.6 
If the damage was caused or contributed to by the negligence or other wrongful act or omission of the 
person claiming compensation, or the person from whom he derives his rights, carrier shall be wholly or 
partly exonerated from liability to the claimant to the extent that such negligence or wrongful act or 
omission caused or contributed to the damage. 
11.7 
Unless the shipper has made a special declaration of value for carriage and has paid the supplementary 
sum applicable, liability of carrier shall not exceed the applicable Convention limit or, if no Convention 
applies, 17 Special Drawing Rights, per kilogram of cargo destroyed, lost, damaged or delayed. If the 
shipper has made a special declaration of value for carriage, it is agreed that any liability shall in no event 
exceed such declared value for carriage stated on the face of the air waybill or included in the shipment 
record. All claims shall be subject to proof of value. 
11.8 
In the case of loss, damage or delay of part of the shipment, or of any object contained therein, the weight 
to be taken into consideration in determining the amount to which carrier’s liability is limited shall be 
only the weight of the package or packages concerned. Nevertheless, when the loss, damage or delay of 
part of the shipment, or of an object contained therein, affects the value of other packages covered by the 
same air waybill, the total weight of such package or packages shall also be taken into consideration in 
determining the limit of liability. In the absence of proof to the contrary, the value of any such part of the 
shipment lost, damaged or delayed as the case may be, shall be determined by reducing the total value of 
the shipment in the proportion that the weight of that part of the shipment lost, damaged or delayed has to 
the total weight of the shipment. 
11.9 
The shipper, owner and consignee, whose property causes damage to or destruction of another shipment 
or of the property of carrier, shall indemnify carrier for all losses and expenses incurred by carrier as a 
result thereof. Cargo which, because of inherent defect, quality or vice or because of defective packing, is 
likely to endanger aircraft, persons or property may be abandoned or destroyed by carrier at any time 
without notice and without liability therefor attaching to carrier. 
11.10 
A carrier issuing an air waybill for carriage over the lines of another carrier does so only as agent for such 
other carrier. Any reference in a shipment record to carriage to be performed by another carrier shall be 
deemed to refer to carriage to be provided as principal by such other carrier. No carrier shall be liable for 
the loss, damage or delay of cargo not occurring on its own line except that the shipper shall have a right 
of action for such loss, damage or delay on the terms herein provided against the first carrier and the 
consignee or other person entitled to delivery shall have such a right of action against the last carrier 
under the contract of carriage. 
11.11 
Whenever the liability of carrier is excluded or limited under these conditions, such exclusion or 
limitation shall apply to agents, servants or representatives of carrier and also to any carrier whose aircraft 
or other means of transportation is used for carriage. 

ARTICLE 12 — 
LIMITATIONS ON CLAIMS AND ACTIONS 


12.1 Receipt by the person entitled to delivery of the cargo without complaint is prima facie evidence that the 
same has been delivered in good condition and in accordance with the contract of carriage. 
12.2 No action shall be maintained in the case of loss or damage to goods unless a complaint is made to carrier 
in writing by the person entitled to delivery. Such complaint shall be made: 
12.2.1 in the case of visible damage to or partial loss of the goods, immediately after its discovery and at the 
latest within fourteen (14) days from the date of receipt of the goods; 
12.2.2 in the case of other damage to the goods, within fourteen (14) days from the date of receipt of the goods; 
12.2.3 in the case of delay, within twenty one (21) days from the date on which the goods were placed at the 
disposal of the person entitled to delivery; 
12.2.4 in the case of non-delivery of the goods, within one hundred and twenty (120) days of the date of issue of 
the air waybill or the date of the shipment record, whichever is applicable. 
12.3 Any right to damages against carrier shall be extinguished unless an action is brought within two years 
after the occurrence of the events giving rise to the claim. 

ARTICLE 13 — 
OVERRIDING LAW 

13.1 
Insofar as any provision contained or referred to in the air waybill or shipment record or these conditions 
may be contrary to mandatory law, government regulations, orders or requirements, such provision shall 
remain applicable to the extent that it is not overridden thereby. The invalidity of any such provision shall 
not affect any other part. 
ARTICLE 14 — MODIFICATION AND WAIVER 

14.1 
No agent, servant or representative of carrier has authority to alter, modify or waive any provision of the 
contract of carriage or of these conditions.